Physics
Overview of physics
Women Graduates are trained with basics in Industry application from basic science Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry
Training in application Software by Industry Professional, to train others with preparation as TRAINER to empower.
Empowering areas are ACADEMIC SERVICE-ENTREPRENEURSHIP-DESIGN SERVICE-INDUSTRIES-SOCIAL ENGINEERING
Machine Elements Design
Shaft Design
Shaft-Roller Bearing-Plain Bearing-Springs-Jpoints-Screw-Drives-Transmissions
APM Shaft
The shafts support the rotating parts and transmit torques. They are among the most critical parts of machines, so they are subject to high requirements for manufacturing accuracy, strength, rigidity, stability and vibration patterns. The AWP Shaft module allows you to perform the entire cycle of shaft and axis design, from design development to static and dynamic analysis.
APM WINMACHINE
FUNIT I
our Exmples from Text Book will be given trainingOn software listed For the program our problem will be given for self training with software to Trainee
APM Shaft Functionality
With APM Shaft you can calculate and build:
- reactions in shaft supports;
- Plots of bending moments and bending angles
- torsional moment and twist angle plots;
- deformed state of the shaft;
- stress state under static loading;
- safety factor for fatigue strength;
- plots of the distribution of shear forces;
- natural frequencies and natural shaft shapes.
The calculation results can be saved in an internal file, as well as in a file with the *.rtf extension, which can be easily edited if necessary.
UNIT II
Four Exmples from Text Book will be given trainingOn software listed For the program our problem will be given for self training with software to Trainee
Specialized graphic editor
The APM Shaft module has a dedicated graphical editor for defining shaft and axis geometry. The editor provides the user with flexible and convenient tools that provide:
- setting the shaft design;
- input of loads acting on the shaft;
- placement of supports on which the shaft is installed.
A distinctive feature of the APM Shaft Graphic Editor is the presence of a special set of primitives - these are the main elements of the shaft structure (cylindrical and conical sections, chamfers, fillets, grooves, holes, threaded areas, keys, splines, etc.) acting on the shaft loads and supports on which it is placed. Using these primitives makes it much easier to enter and edit shaft geometry and other data needed to perform calculations.
A Russian CAE system for computer-aided calculation and design of mechanical equipment and structures in the field of mechanical engineering, developed taking into account the latest achievements in computational mathematics, the field of numerical methods and programming, as well as theoretical and experimental engineering solutions.
A distinctive feature of APM WinMachine is the vertically integrated structure of the product layout, which allows developers to organize seamless links between calculation modules to solve complex production problems.
FUNIT III
our Exmples from Text Book will be given trainingOn software listed For the program our problem will be given for self training with software to Trainee
Calculation methods and criteria
The stressed and deformed states of the shaft are calculated by the methods of material resistance. Thus, the deformed state is described by the Mohr method, and the disclosure of static indeterminacy is performed by the force method. Static strength is estimated from the equivalent stresses obtained by the energy method. Dynamic characteristics such as natural frequencies and eigenmodes are determined by the initial parameter method.
The calculation of fatigue strength is reduced to finding the safety factor in the current section along the length of the shaft, both under a constant external load and in the case when the law of its change in time is known.
UNIT IV
Four Exmples from Text Book will be given trainingOn software listed For the program our problem will be given for self training with software to Trainee
Databases
The APM WinMachine system includes the APM Material Data database, which contains all the necessary material parameters, such as Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, density, etc.
Creating Shop Drawings
With the help of ARM Shaft it is possible to prepare data for further automatic generation of the shaft working drawing. The drawing is saved in the APM Graph module in *.agr format.
The final editing of the drawing is carried out using the APM Graph drawing and graphic editor.
Machine Elements Design
Roller Bearing
Rolling Bearing Unit Analysis and Design Module
APM Bear
Rolling bearings are the main type of support for rotating machine parts, various mechanical devices and systems. The AMM Bear performs a comprehensive analysis of rolling bearings. Using this unique module, it is possible to calculate the main characteristics of bearings and select the optimal designs of bearing arrangements. The calculation can be carried out both at constant and variable loading modes.
APM WINMACHINE
FUNIT I
our Exmples from Text Book will be given trainingOn software listed For the program our problem will be given for self training with software to Trainee
Types of plain bearings
ARM Plain allows you to calculate the following types of bearings:
- radial, operating in the fluid friction mode;
- radial, operating in the mode of semi-fluid friction;
- thrust (thrust bearings) operating in the fluid friction mode.
UNIT II
Four Exmples from Text Book will be given trainingOn software listed For the program our problem will be given for self training with software to Trainee
APM Plain Features
With the help of the AMM Plain module, you can find:
- distribution of radial and axial clearances;
- optimal clearance value;
- parameters of the lubrication system (thickness of the lubricating film, maximum and average oil temperature, oil consumption);
- the actual coefficient of friction and friction loss;
- design parameters.
A Russian CAE system for computer-aided calculation and design of mechanical equipment and structures in the field of mechanical engineering, developed taking into account the latest achievements in computational mathematics, the field of numerical methods and programming, as well as theoretical and experimental engineering solutions.
A distinctive feature of APM WinMachine is the vertically integrated structure of the product layout, which allows developers to organize seamless links between calculation modules to solve complex production problems.
FUNIT III
our Exmples from Text Book will be given trainingOn software listed For the program our problem will be given for self training with software to Trainee
Calculation criteria and methods
The criterion for calculating fluid friction bearings is a condition under which the thickness of the gap between the surfaces in relative motion is not less than a certain specified permissible value.
For semi-fluid friction bearings, a similar criterion is formulated as a requirement in relation to the operating temperature of the bearing: it must be less than the permissible temperature for a given type of oil.
UNIT IV
Four Exmples from Text Book will be given trainingOn software listed For the program our problem will be given for self training with software to Trainee
Calculation criteria and methodsil.
The calculation of fluid friction bearings is done by solving the Reynolds equation and the equilibrium equation. In this case, the flow of fluid in the gap is considered laminar.
The calculation method of a bearing operating under conditions of semi-fluid friction is based on the study of the process of heat generation during friction and the solution of heat transfer equations.
h drawing and graphic editor.
Machine Elements Design
Plain Bearing
Plain bearing calculation and design module
APM Plain
Plain bearings are an important type of rotational mount that is often used in structures that operate in difficult conditions, namely: high vibration and shock loads; low and extra-high speeds; increased requirements for the stability and accuracy of the shaft position; work in water and aggressive environments; lack of lubrication or no lubrication at all, etc. The APM Plain module performs a comprehensive calculation of plain bearings. Using this module, it is possible to calculate the main characteristics of bearings and select the optimal designs of bearing arrangements.
APM WINMACHINE
FUNIT I
our Exmples from Text Book will be given trainingOn software listed For the program our problem will be given for self training with software to Trainee
ypes of plain bearings
ARM Plain allows you to calculate the following types of bearings:
- radial, operating in the fluid friction mode;
- radial, operating in the mode of semi-fluid friction;
- thrust (thrust bearings) operating in the fluid friction mode
UNIT II
Four Exmples from Text Book will be given trainingOn software listed For the program our problem will be given for self training with software to Trainee
APM Plain Features
With the help of the AMM Plain module, you can find:
- distribution of radial and axial clearances;
- optimal clearance value;
- parameters of the lubrication system (thickness of the lubricating film, maximum and average oil temperature, oil consumption);
- the actual coefficient of friction and friction loss;
- design parameters.
A Russian CAE system for computer-aided calculation and design of mechanical equipment and structures in the field of mechanical engineering, developed taking into account the latest achievements in computational mathematics, the field of numerical methods and programming, as well as theoretical and experimental engineering solutions.
A distinctive feature of APM WinMachine is the vertically integrated structure of the product layout, which allows developers to organize seamless links between calculation modules to solve complex production problems.
FUNIT III
our Exmples from Text Book will be given trainingOn software listed For the program our problem will be given for self training with software to Trainee
Calculation criteria and methods
The criterion for calculating fluid friction bearings is a condition under which the thickness of the gap between the surfaces in relative motion is not less than a certain specified permissible value.
For semi-fluid friction bearings, a similar criterion is formulated as a requirement in relation to the operating temperature of the bearing: it must be less than the permissible temperature for a given type of oil.
The calculation of fluid friction bearings is done by solving the Reynolds equation and the equilibrium equation. In this case, the flow of fluid in the gap is considered laminar.f heat transfer equations
UNIT IV
Four Exmples from Text Book will be given trainingOn software listed For the program our problem will be given for self training with software to Trainee
Calculation criteria and methods
The calculation method of a bearing operating under conditions of semi-fluid friction is based on the study of the process of heat generation during friction and the solution of heat transfer equations
Machine Elements Design
Springs
Module for Analysis and Design of Elastic Machine Elements
APM Spring
Elastic elements are parts of high compliance that accumulate deformation energy and either use it in actuators or dissipate it in dampers or shock absorbers. Elastic elements are made of special steels and alloys, and in some cases - of non-metallic materials. The most common metal elastic elements are springs.
APM WINMACHINE
FUNIT I
our Exmples from Text Book will be given trainingOn software listed For the program our problem will be given for self training with software to Trainee
APM Spring Features
The APM Spring module is designed for comprehensive analysis and design of elastic metal elements of machines. It allows you to perform design and verification calculations of these objects, as well as calculations according to GOST, and to obtain drawings of the calculated parts. The design calculation is understood as the determination of the geometric dimensions of elastic elements according to the known values of external forces and deformations. Verification calculation allows you to assess the safety margins of elastic elements depending on their geometric dimensions. When choosing a calculation according to GOST, the program selects several options for standard springs that correspond to the initial data according to the built-in methodology.
The use of APM Spring allows you to fully automate the design procedure of elastic elements and significantly reduce the time for the selection of these elements.
The APM Spring module is designed for comprehensive analysis and design of elastic metal elements of machines. It allows you to perform design and verification calculations of these objects, as well as calculations according to GOST, and to obtain drawings of the calculated parts. The design calculation is understood as the determination of the geometric dimensions of elastic elements according to the known values of external forces and deformations. Verification calculation allows you to assess the safety margins of elastic elements depending on their geometric dimensions. When choosing a calculation according to GOST, the program selects several options for standard springs that correspond to the initial data according to the built-in methodology.
The use of APM Spring allows you to fully automate the design procedure of elastic elements and significantly reduce the time for the selection of these elements.
UNIT II
Four Exmples from Text Book will be given trainingOn software listed For the program our problem will be given for self training with software to Trainee
Types of elastic elements of machines
The APM Spring module provides the design of the following types of elastic machine elements:
- cylindrical tension springs of round and square cross-sections;
- cylindrical compression springs of round and square cross-sections;
- cylindrical torsional springs of round and square cross-sections;
- disc compression springs;
- flat rectangular springs;
- torsion bars;
- leaf springs.
The APM Spring module provides the design of the following types of elastic machine elements:
- cylindrical tension springs of round and square cross-sections;
- cylindrical compression springs of round and square cross-sections;
- cylindrical torsional springs of round and square cross-sections;
- disc compression springs;
- flat rectangular springs;
- torsion bars;
- leaf springs.
A Russian CAE system for computer-aided calculation and design of mechanical equipment and structures in the field of mechanical engineering, developed taking into account the latest achievements in computational mathematics, the field of numerical methods and programming, as well as theoretical and experimental engineering solutions.
A distinctive feature of APM WinMachine is the vertically integrated structure of the product layout, which allows developers to organize seamless links between calculation modules to solve complex production problems.
FUNIT III
our Exmples from Text Book will be given trainingOn software listed For the program our problem will be given for self training with software to Trainee
Calculation methods
Calculations are performed under conditions of both constant and variable loads in time. The main ones are the calculations for static strength under constant load and for endurance under variable loading. Design and verification calculations are carried out by analytical methods of material resistance.
In more complex cases, the loading and clamping of the spring can be calculated using the finite element method, but for this it is necessary to use other modules of the APM WinMachine system, such as APM Structure3D or APM Studio. With the help of these modules, it is possible to calculate the spring for strength, stiffness, stability and dynamics under arbitrary loading and clamping.
UNIT IV
Four Exmples from Text Book will be given trainingOn software listed For the program our problem will be given for self training with software to Trainee
Creating Shop Drawings
After performing design and verification calculations, it is possible to generate a drawing, which can then be used in the APM Graph graphics module or other graphic editors that support the DXF format.
After performing design and verification calculations, it is possible to generate a drawing, which can then be used in the APM Graph graphics module or other graphic editors that support the DXF format.
Machine Elements Design
Joints
Module for Analysis and Design of Machine Element Connections
APM Joint
The parts that make up individual units are connected to each other, forming larger structural units, the totality of which leads to the formation of the entire variety of machines, mechanical devices, building and machine-building structures. The methods of such connections are diverse, as well as the methods of their engineering calculation and design. Connections can be threaded, welded, riveted, etc.
All of these types of connections can be designed using the APM Joint module. When calculating machine-building connections, well-known methods are used. The calculation of connections of building structure elements is carried out taking into account the specifics of such connections.
The APM Joint module is integrated into the APM product line. This integration involves the free transfer of data to APM Joint from other software modules that make up the APM Civil Engineering and APM WinMachine systems. This approach allows you to significantly speed up the design processes and eliminate the occurrence of possible errors.
APM WINMACHINE
FUNIT I
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APM Joint Functionality
The APM Joint module is designed to perform design and verification calculations of connections in order to select the best design options. This is ensured by:
- the presence of a full-featured flat graphic editor;
- the ability to import geometric information via DXF format from third-party graphic editors;
- availability of functions for setting loads of various types;
- generation of reports with calculation results, which can be saved in RTF format;
- the use of configurable databases of materials and other standard parameters when setting the initial data and in the calculation process;
- The APM Joint module can be configured to meet the required standards.`
The APM Joint module is designed to perform design and verification calculations of connections in order to select the best design options. This is ensured by:
- the presence of a full-featured flat graphic editor;
- the ability to import geometric information via DXF format from third-party graphic editors;
- availability of functions for setting loads of various types;
- generation of reports with calculation results, which can be saved in RTF format;
- the use of configurable databases of materials and other standard parameters when setting the initial data and in the calculation process;
- The APM Joint module can be configured to meet the required standards.`
UNIT II
Four Exmples from Text Book will be given trainingOn software listed For the program our problem will be given for self training with software to Trainee
Tasks to be solved
1. Design calculation
According to the specified geometric parameters, active loads and materials, the following are determined:
- diameters of screws (bolts, studs) for group threaded connection;
- weld seam leg for welded joint;
- the diameter of the weld point of the point joint;
- linear dimensional tolerances and fit selection for interference joints;
- linear dimensions of keys, splines, profile, terminal and pinconnections.
According to the specified geometric parameters, active loads and materials, the following are determined:
- diameters of screws (bolts, studs) for group threaded connection;
- weld seam leg for welded joint;
- the diameter of the weld point of the point joint;
- linear dimensional tolerances and fit selection for interference joints;
- linear dimensions of keys, splines, profile, terminal and pinconnections.
2. Verification calculation
Static and fatigue safety factors are determined according to the specified geometric parameters, active loads and materials.
Static and fatigue safety factors are determined according to the specified geometric parameters, active loads and materials.
A Russian CAE system for computer-aided calculation and design of mechanical equipment and structures in the field of mechanical engineering, developed taking into account the latest achievements in computational mathematics, the field of numerical methods and programming, as well as theoretical and experimental engineering solutions.
A distinctive feature of APM WinMachine is the vertically integrated structure of the product layout, which allows developers to organize seamless links between calculation modules to solve complex production problems.
Welded butt joints are calculated from the condition of static and fatigue strength at normal stresses.
Welded lap joints are designed according to the condition of static and fatigue strength for shear stresses.
Butt welded T-joints are calculated based on the conditions of static and fatigue strength for normal stresses.
Fillet welded T-joints are calculated from the condition of static and fatigue strength at shear stresses.
Welded corner joints are calculated from the condition of strength by shear stresses.
Spot welded joints are calculated based on static shear strength.
FUNIT III
our Exmples from Text Book will be given trainingOn software listed For the program our problem will be given for self training with software to Trainee
Types of calculated and designed connections:
1. Threaded group connections under arbitrary loading, installed in holes with and without gap.
2. Welded joints of the following types:
- butt;
- lap lashes;
- T-joints with a butt seam;
- T-joints with a fillet seam;
- corner; spot welding.
3. Rivet joints
4. Cylindrical joints:
- interfering (cylindrical and conical);
- keyways (prismatic, segmental, wedge and tangential keys);
- slotted (straight, involute, triangular);
- pin (axial and radial);
- profile connections of various types;
- Terminal connections in various designs.
1. Threaded group connections under arbitrary loading, installed in holes with and without gap.
2. Welded joints of the following types:
- butt;
- lap lashes;
- T-joints with a butt seam;
- T-joints with a fillet seam;
- corner; spot welding.
3. Rivet joints
4. Cylindrical joints:
- interfering (cylindrical and conical);
- keyways (prismatic, segmental, wedge and tangential keys);
- slotted (straight, involute, triangular);
- pin (axial and radial);
- profile connections of various types;
- Terminal connections in various designs.
Types of loads:
- static forces and moments;
- Time-variable forces and moments.
- static forces and moments;
- Time-variable forces and moments.
UNIT IV
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alculation criteria:
Gap threaded connections are designed according to the following criteria:
- static tensile strength;
- endurance;
- non-opening of the joint.
Threaded connections without clearance are calculated according to the following criteria:
- static shear strength;
- endurance;
- immobility.
Cylindrical and conical interference joints are designed according to the criterion of static strength, as well as according to the conditions of non-opening of the joint and stiffness.
Keyways, splines and profiles are designed for the crushing strength of the contacting surfaces.
Terminal connections are designed according to the immobility criterion.
Pin joints are designed according to the condition of shear and collapse strength.
It is worth noting that in order to improve the accuracy of calculations when calculating the most critical connections, not only engineering methods can be used, but also FEA (finite element method) - such calculations can be performed using the APM Structure3D module.
Machine Elements Design
Screw
Module for calculating imperfect screw gears
APM Screw
Screw gears are used to convert the rotational motion of the screw into the linear motion of the nut. Mechanisms of this type are widely used in machine tool building, robotics, drive mechanisms, aviation equipment and other areas of modern mechanical engineering and instrumentation. When designing these objects, many problems arise, the solution of which is possible with the help of the APM Screw computer-aided calculation and design module.
APM Screw is the original program for calculating screw gears. It allows you to conduct a comprehensive analysis of these gears, as well as select their optimal geometric dimensions.
APM WINMACHINE
FUNIT I
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The basis of the APM Screw is the theory of non-ideal contact
The main advantage of the APM Screw module is that it can be used to take into account the impact of manufacturing errors on the parameters of the screw drive during the design phase. This became possible thanks to the new theory of non-ideal contact, developed at the STC APM and which has no analogues in the world. It is applicable to a wide range of machine components, such as rolling bearings, screw drives, flat joints, rolling and sliding guides, etc.
Due to the presence of roughness and shape errors in the contacting surfaces, the interaction of the screw, nut and rolling elements is random and can be correctly described only with the use of probabilistic methods. The use of APM Screw provides the user with a complete and comprehensive picture of the processes that occur during the operation of a screw drive. In fact, the Screw module allows you to simulate the behavior of the screw drive under specified conditions.
The developed modeling methods are based on the analysis of the contact interaction of bodies and raceways in the form of contact forces. The values of these forces depend on the processing errors of the elements involved in the contact and their relative location. The solution in this formulation makes it possible to obtain output parameters in the form of not only average values, but also scattering value
UNIT II
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Types of Gears
With APM Screw, the most common types of screw drives can be calculated, such as:
- screw sliding transmission;
- ball screw train (with one nut and two half-nuts installed with preload);
- Planetary screw (roller screw) transmission
A Russian CAE system for computer-aided calculation and design of mechanical equipment and structures in the field of mechanical engineering, developed taking into account the latest achievements in computational mathematics, the field of numerical methods and programming, as well as theoretical and experimental engineering solutions.
A distinctive feature of APM WinMachine is the vertically integrated structure of the product layout, which allows developers to organize seamless links between calculation modules to solve complex production problems.
FUNIT III
our Exmples from Text Book will be given trainingOn software listed For the program our problem will be given for self training with software to Trainee
APM Screw Module Features
APM Screw allows you to calculate the following parameters, taking into account manufacturing errors:
- displacement (rigidity);
- durability;
- moment of friction;
- the highest contact voltages;
- power losses;
- heat dissipation;
- forces acting on rolling elements;
- coefficient of efficiency;
- positioning errors.
UNIT IV
Four Exmples from Text Book will be given trainingOn software listed For the program our problem will be given for self training with software to Trainee
Calculations can be performed for any combination of external loads, namely axial and radial forces and bending moments, as well as axial and radial preload, allowed for the helical transmission of the type in question. When determining durability, not only constant, but also time-variable external force factors can be taken into account.
To carry out calculations, you need to know only the tolerance values, which allows you to use ARM Screw at the design stage of new equipment. By performing a series of calculations, it is possible to determine the rational gear dimensions and the value of the optimal preload.
The calculation results are presented in various ways, namely in the form of:
- tables with statistical characteristics;
- histogram of the displacement components;
- the spatial field of the position of the nut center.
Appropriate forms of representation make it possible to obtain an exhaustive characteristic of the movement of a screw transmission.
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mat.
Machine Elements Design
Drives
Computer-aided design module for a rotary motion drive
APM Drive
Motors are used to ensure the movement of the actuator. In most cases, a transmission mechanism is installed between the motor and the actuator, which converts the initial rotational motion of the motor into a slower movement of the performer. As transmission mechanisms, single- or multi-stage gearboxes are used in conjunction with belt and chain transmissions, gearboxes, etc. The gearbox, as a rule, contains gears, shafts and rolling bearings installed in the housing. The APM Drive module is designed for comprehensive calculation and design documentation of all elements of a multi-stage drive.
APM WINMACHINE
FUNIT I
our Exmples from Text Book will be given trainingOn software listed For the program our problem will be given for self training with software to Trainee
Types of plain bearings
ARM Plain allows you to calculate the following types of bearings:
- radial, operating in the fluid friction mode;
- radial, operating in the mode of semi-fluid friction;
- thrust (thrust bearings) operating in the fluid friction mode
UNIT II
Four Exmples from Text Book will be given trainingOn software listed For the program our problem will be given for self training with software to Trainee
APM Plain Features
With the help of the AMM Plain module, you can find:
- distribution of radial and axial clearances;
- optimal clearance value;
- parameters of the lubrication system (thickness of the lubricating film, maximum and average oil temperature, oil consumption);
- the actual coefficient of friction and friction loss;
- design parameters.
A Russian CAE system for computer-aided calculation and design of mechanical equipment and structures in the field of mechanical engineering, developed taking into account the latest achievements in computational mathematics, the field of numerical methods and programming, as well as theoretical and experimental engineering solutions.
A distinctive feature of APM WinMachine is the vertically integrated structure of the product layout, which allows developers to organize seamless links between calculation modules to solve complex production problems.
FUNIT III
our Exmples from Text Book will be given trainingOn software listed For the program our problem will be given for self training with software to Trainee
Calculation criteria and methods
The criterion for calculating fluid friction bearings is a condition under which the thickness of the gap between the surfaces in relative motion is not less than a certain specified permissible value.
For semi-fluid friction bearings, a similar criterion is formulated as a requirement in relation to the operating temperature of the bearing: it must be less than the permissible temperature for a given type of oil.
The calculation of fluid friction bearings is done by solving the Reynolds equation and the equilibrium equation. In this case, the flow of fluid in the gap is considered laminar.f heat transfer equations
UNIT IV
Four Exmples from Text Book will be given trainingOn software listed For the program our problem will be given for self training with software to Trainee
Calculation criteria and methods
The calculation method of a bearing operating under conditions of semi-fluid friction is based on the study of the process of heat generation during friction and the solution of heat transfer equations
Machine Elements Design
Transmission
Module for Calculation and Design of Mechanical Rotational Gears
APM Trans
Rotational transmissions are designed to transmit rotational motion over a distance and convert the mechanical characteristics of that motion.
The APM Trans module allows you to perform the full range of design and verification calculations of gears, to select the most rational parameters of these gears, as well as to obtain working drawings of the drive and driven wheels, pulleys, sprockets, etc.
APM Trans is integrated into the APM WinMachine system, but can function as an independent software product.
APM WINMACHINE
The APM Trans module is designed to perform design and test calculations of the most common types of gears in order to select the best design options.
This is ensured by:
- the presence of functions for setting an arbitrary type of load or selecting a typical load from the database;
FUNIT I
our Exmples from Text Book will be given trainingOn software listed For the program our problem will be given for self training with software to Trainee
Types of calculated and designed gears:
- Bevel gear with circular teeth;
- Bevel spur gear;
- Flat-belt transmission;
- Belt transmission;
- Chain transmission;
- Helical helical gearing
- Cylindrical transmission with internal meshing;
- Spur and spur gear;
- Cylindrical chevron gear;
- Worm gear.
- de
Involute gears:
- cylindrical with a straight tooth of external and internal meshing;
- cylindrical with an oblique tooth (external meshing and chevron);
- conical orthogonal with a straight tooth (equidisposed and unequidisplaced);
- plastic cylindrical with a straight tooth (external and internal meshing);
- tapered with circular teeth for three known shapes;
- worm worms: with Archimedean worms, involute worms and convolute worms; with a worm formed by a torus and a cone surface, etc.
UNIT II
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Flexible Communication Transmissions:
- belts: with a flat belt, with V-belts and V-ribbed belts, with a timing belt;
- chain of various types and modifications.
Tasks to be solved
As a result of the calculation of gearing gears for an arbitrarily specified reference contour, the following can be obtained:
- geometric dimensions of the transmission according to the specified loads and durability;
- all the necessary geometric parameters of the transmission;
- forces in meshing;
- values of effective contact stresses and bending stresses;
- values of permissible fatigue contact stresses and bending stresses;
- Control parameters for all known gear versions
- gearing quality parameters;
- tolerances of the main linear dimensions of the gearing and transmission parts as a whole;
- the size and tolerance of the side clearance and other accuracy parameters;
- Break-in shape of the involute tooth to control sharpening/undercutting
- Simulation of the wheel meshing process to verify that there is no interference
- automatically generated drawings of gearing parts.
The results of the calculation of flexible communication transmissions are:
- geometric dimensions of pulleys and sprockets;
- loads operating in the operating transmission mode;utomatically generated pulley and sprocket drawings.
A Russian CAE system for computer-aided calculation and design of mechanical equipment and structures in the field of mechanical engineering, developed taking into account the latest achievements in computational mathematics, the field of numerical methods and programming, as well as theoretical and experimental engineering solutions.
A distinctive feature of APM WinMachine is the vertically integrated structure of the product layout, which allows developers to organize seamless links between calculation modules to solve complex production problems.
FUNIT III
our Exmples from Text Book will be given trainingOn software listed For the program our problem will be given for self training with software to Trainee
Types of settlements
- Design, when the main geometric dimensions and all other transmission parameters are determined according to the specified loads, kinematic parameters, materials, operating time and loading modes.
- Constrained design where you need to design a transmission with a set of fixed output parameters.
- Moment check, when the torque transmitted by the transmission is determined by the specified geometric parameters.
- Durability test, when the durability of the transmission is calculated according to the specified geometric parameters.
- Verification geometric, in which the rest are determined by a number of geometric parameters considered to be given.
Calculation criteria
- Meshing gears are designed to provide fatigue strength for contact stresses and bending stresses.
- Plastic wheels are designed for wear resistance by calculating for bending.
- Chain transmissions are designed according to the criterion of wear resistance and static strength.
- Belt drives are calculated based on load capacity.
UNIT IV
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In addition to the APM Trans module, it is recommended to use the following to solve the problem of designing mechanical gears of rotation in full:
APM Graph – a flat drawing and graphic editor with a tool for calculating dimensional chains;
APM Base – a module for creating and editing databases;
APM MechanicalData – a database of standard parts and assemblies, reference data on general mechanical engineering;
APM MaterialData – Material Parameter Database
- Using configurable databases of materials, tolerances, source contour parameters, and other standard parameters when specifying source data and during the calculation process.
- the ability to configure the APM Trans module to the required standards;
- generation of reports in RTF format;
- the ability to save text information of the calculation results in RTF, INI, XLS files, and graphic information in AGR files (the format of the APM Graph graphic editor included in the APM WinMachine system), DXF and SolidEdge (.par).
Physics Application Program
