Industry Projects
Mechanical Projects Entertainmeny
Lavitsa
Internship Program-Project Program-Product Dev, Program
APM WINMACHINE APM CIVIL APM FEM
UNIT III
Four Exmples from Text Book will be given trainingOn software listed For the program Four problem will be given for self training with software to Trainee
Calculation model
The initial data for the calculation work are provided by the customer in the form of design drawings. The calculation model was built on the basis of the data of the drawings.
The structural elements were modeled with plate and rod end elements.
The member elements of the model have the status of beam elements capable of absorbing all types of deformation (tension/compression, bending, torsion). The assignment of cross-sections for them was carried out in accordance with the available design documentation for the product. The geometric characteristics of the sections were defined from the standard section library.
The mechanism of resting the structure of the attraction on the foundation (soil) is modeled in the form of restrictions on the movement of the supporting surfaces of the base.
Approximation to the real conditions of connection of structural elements was achieved by introducing dummy (non-deformable) rods – rigid inserts – into the calculation model. Rigid inserts were used to model bolts, axles and part of the welded joints.
The sections of the flywheel filled with concrete were modeled with plate elements, with special material properties, to transfer weight, stiffness and inertial loads.
To transfer the wind load, the fence lattice and the lavitsa were covered with plate elements.
Due to the fact that the calculation model did not take into account the weight of fasteners, as well as welded joints, the weight was taken into account with a premium of 5%.
The mass of passengers was set in the form of a distributed load on the lavitsa.
The weight of the drive equipment was set by the concentrated forces in the areas of their installation.
Inertial forces were applied to the elements of the lavitsa and flywheel in the form of forces in the nodes tangential to the radius of rotation, depending on the position in space
Calculation results
The static analysis showed that the resulting stresses do not exceed the permissible ones. The minimum safety factor for the design resistance is 1.23. Maximum stresses occur in the beams of the fences.
The first forms of oscillations are caused by a local loss of stability of the fence sheathing. The minimum safety margin was 96.28 and occurs in the central support of the subframe. Therefore, the design of the attraction meets the requirements of GOST R 52170-2003.
According to the results of determining the reactions in the supports, we conclude that the structure made according to the foundationless scheme is resistant to overturning, since the resulting downforce is greater than the tearing forces. The stability of the structure position is ensured.
Maximum deflections occur in the frame of the fences and the subframe. According to the analysis, the horizontal component of the displacements of the railing lattice and subframe beams is maximum, the rest of the displacements are small.
The maximum stresses in the structure of the attraction obtained as a result of the fatigue calculation do not exceed the calculated endurance limit, the condition of fatigue strength is fulfilled in accordance with GOST R 52170-2003.
The resulting stresses in the axes and rollers of the ride do not exceed the permissible ones, therefore, the static and fatigue strength conditions are met.
The initial data for the calculation work are provided by the customer in the form of design drawings. The calculation model was built on the basis of the data of the drawings.
The structural elements were modeled with plate and rod end elements.
The member elements of the model have the status of beam elements capable of absorbing all types of deformation (tension/compression, bending, torsion). The assignment of cross-sections for them was carried out in accordance with the available design documentation for the product. The geometric characteristics of the sections were defined from the standard section library.
The mechanism of resting the structure of the attraction on the foundation (soil) is modeled in the form of restrictions on the movement of the supporting surfaces of the base.
Approximation to the real conditions of connection of structural elements was achieved by introducing dummy (non-deformable) rods – rigid inserts – into the calculation model. Rigid inserts were used to model bolts, axles and part of the welded joints.
The sections of the flywheel filled with concrete were modeled with plate elements, with special material properties, to transfer weight, stiffness and inertial loads.
To transfer the wind load, the fence lattice and the lavitsa were covered with plate elements.
Due to the fact that the calculation model did not take into account the weight of fasteners, as well as welded joints, the weight was taken into account with a premium of 5%.
The mass of passengers was set in the form of a distributed load on the lavitsa.
The weight of the drive equipment was set by the concentrated forces in the areas of their installation.
Inertial forces were applied to the elements of the lavitsa and flywheel in the form of forces in the nodes tangential to the radius of rotation, depending on the position in space
Calculation results
The static analysis showed that the resulting stresses do not exceed the permissible ones. The minimum safety factor for the design resistance is 1.23. Maximum stresses occur in the beams of the fences.
The first forms of oscillations are caused by a local loss of stability of the fence sheathing. The minimum safety margin was 96.28 and occurs in the central support of the subframe. Therefore, the design of the attraction meets the requirements of GOST R 52170-2003.
According to the results of determining the reactions in the supports, we conclude that the structure made according to the foundationless scheme is resistant to overturning, since the resulting downforce is greater than the tearing forces. The stability of the structure position is ensured.
Maximum deflections occur in the frame of the fences and the subframe. According to the analysis, the horizontal component of the displacements of the railing lattice and subframe beams is maximum, the rest of the displacements are small.
The maximum stresses in the structure of the attraction obtained as a result of the fatigue calculation do not exceed the calculated endurance limit, the condition of fatigue strength is fulfilled in accordance with GOST R 52170-2003.
The resulting stresses in the axes and rollers of the ride do not exceed the permissible ones, therefore, the static and fatigue strength conditions are met.
UNIT I
Four Exmples from Text Book will be given trainingOn software listed For the program Four problem will be given for self training with software to Trainee
Attraction "LAVITSA-6"
The calculation of the attraction was carried out by order of the individual entrepreneur Dzhikiya G.V.
The attraction is intended for operation in parks and other areas of mass recreation of the population, for the entertainment of children over 14 years old and adults.
The attraction is a device that provides lifting, general rotational movement of the platform with seats (lavitsa), as well as its lowering.
The attraction is foundationless.
The purpose of the calculation is to analyze the structure of the Lavitsa-6 attraction for strength, rigidity and stability under the action of design loads.
The test calculation of the bearing system of the attraction was carried out on the basis of the technical specification in accordance with the general principles of reliability of building structures according to the limit state method of the first group in accordance with:
GOST 33807-2016;GOST R 52170 – 2003;SP 16.13330.2017;SP 20.13330.2016.
The strength calculation of the attraction structure was carried out using the APM Structure3D module, which is part of the APM WinMachine system.
The calculation of the axes was carried out using the APM Shaft module, which is part of the APM WinMachine system.
The calculation of the attraction was carried out by order of the individual entrepreneur Dzhikiya G.V.
The attraction is intended for operation in parks and other areas of mass recreation of the population, for the entertainment of children over 14 years old and adults.
The attraction is a device that provides lifting, general rotational movement of the platform with seats (lavitsa), as well as its lowering.
The attraction is foundationless.
The purpose of the calculation is to analyze the structure of the Lavitsa-6 attraction for strength, rigidity and stability under the action of design loads.
The test calculation of the bearing system of the attraction was carried out on the basis of the technical specification in accordance with the general principles of reliability of building structures according to the limit state method of the first group in accordance with:
GOST 33807-2016;GOST R 52170 – 2003;SP 16.13330.2017;SP 20.13330.2016.
The strength calculation of the attraction structure was carried out using the APM Structure3D module, which is part of the APM WinMachine system.
The calculation of the axes was carried out using the APM Shaft module, which is part of the APM WinMachine system.
UNIT IV
Four Exmples from Text Book will be given trainingOn software listed For the program Four problem will be given for self training with software to Trainee
Results of the completed project
A test calculation of the design of the Lavitsa-6 attraction was carried out. Based on the results of the calculation of the design of the attraction, the following conclusions can be drawn:
The stress state of the ride's load-bearing system is characterized by the presence of concentrations of equivalent stresses, the occurrence of which is associated with the presence of geometric and "model" concentrators in the computational models of the attraction, which create features of the stress state in their vicinity. It should be noted that stress concentrations are local. The distribution of equivalent voltages outside these zones does not depend on their maximum level. In this regard, the presence of characteristic concentration zones in all calculation models can be neglected, and the mechanical state of the structure can be evaluated by the highest level of stresses acting outside them. In the design states of the amusement ride, the value of equivalent stresses does not exceed the level of design resistance of the structural material, and accordingly, the necessary strength is provided.
A test calculation of the design of the Lavitsa-6 attraction was carried out. Based on the results of the calculation of the design of the attraction, the following conclusions can be drawn:
The stress state of the ride's load-bearing system is characterized by the presence of concentrations of equivalent stresses, the occurrence of which is associated with the presence of geometric and "model" concentrators in the computational models of the attraction, which create features of the stress state in their vicinity. It should be noted that stress concentrations are local. The distribution of equivalent voltages outside these zones does not depend on their maximum level. In this regard, the presence of characteristic concentration zones in all calculation models can be neglected, and the mechanical state of the structure can be evaluated by the highest level of stresses acting outside them. In the design states of the amusement ride, the value of equivalent stresses does not exceed the level of design resistance of the structural material, and accordingly, the necessary strength is provided.
UNIT II
Four Exmples from Text Book will be given trainingOn software listed For the program Four problem will be given for self training with software to Trainee
nput
Depending on the duration of action, it is necessary to distinguish between permanent and temporary loads.
The constant loads of the attraction include the self-weight of the supporting structure and equipment.
Temporary loads include the weight of 6 passengers, gyroscopic, dynamic, wind, snow, and temperature.
When the ride rotates, centrifugal inertia forces occur.
The design was carried out for the most adverse effects of the loads. As part of the structural analysis for static loads, it was necessary to perform the following calculations: strength and shape stability, position stability calculation, and evaluate the stiffness of the structural elements and their ultimate flexibility.
When assessing the reliability and performance of the ride, fatigue calculation and analysis of joints and other critical components are necessary.
As a result of the strength calculation, it was necessary to determine the support reactions, internal force factors, stresses, and deformations arising in the structural elements.
The calculation of the ride for stability was carried out by analyzing the possibility of its overturning, sliding and lifting. At the same time, the design was considered as a single rigid system.
The ultimate stiffness and ultimate flexibility were evaluated for each type of element in the most loaded structural area for the design combinations.
The elements of the attraction take multiple acting moving loads from the rotation of the elements of the lava. Therefore, fatigue damage occurs in the structural elements, so it was necessary to carry out a fatigue calculation.
Depending on the duration of action, it is necessary to distinguish between permanent and temporary loads.
The constant loads of the attraction include the self-weight of the supporting structure and equipment.
Temporary loads include the weight of 6 passengers, gyroscopic, dynamic, wind, snow, and temperature.
When the ride rotates, centrifugal inertia forces occur.
The design was carried out for the most adverse effects of the loads. As part of the structural analysis for static loads, it was necessary to perform the following calculations: strength and shape stability, position stability calculation, and evaluate the stiffness of the structural elements and their ultimate flexibility.
When assessing the reliability and performance of the ride, fatigue calculation and analysis of joints and other critical components are necessary.
As a result of the strength calculation, it was necessary to determine the support reactions, internal force factors, stresses, and deformations arising in the structural elements.
The calculation of the ride for stability was carried out by analyzing the possibility of its overturning, sliding and lifting. At the same time, the design was considered as a single rigid system.
The ultimate stiffness and ultimate flexibility were evaluated for each type of element in the most loaded structural area for the design combinations.
The elements of the attraction take multiple acting moving loads from the rotation of the elements of the lava. Therefore, fatigue damage occurs in the structural elements, so it was necessary to carry out a fatigue calculation.
